ESTONIAN VOCABULARY

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Expanding your vocabulary is a critical step in mastering any language, and our Estonian Vocabulary Section is here to make expressing yourself on various topics easier and more effective. Without a solid word base, understanding grammar rules becomes less meaningful, so we encourage starting your Estonian language journey here. Additionally, explore our Culture Section to discover specific Estonian words and expressions tied to local customs and traditions.

On this page, you'll find essential vocabulary to kickstart your learning. Our curated vocabulary lists encompass a broad array of topics, including everyday conversation, travel needs, business terminology, education, sports, nature, colors, and more. For a complete experience, explore our comprehensive Estonian course that features over 15,000 essential words across 200+ topics. This course incorporates mnemonic strategies and spaced repetition to enhance retention and learning efficiency.

The words provided below are in singular form and include relevant grammatical details. To begin, we suggest reviewing these words multiple times daily, helping you recognize them in texts or conversations. Familiarity with another Finno-Ugric language can make learning Estonian vocabulary even smoother. Once you’ve built a solid vocabulary base, transition to our Grammar Section, where you'll learn how to put these words into practice.

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Useful Expressions
Essential Verbs
Adverbs
Adjectives
Numbers
Dates
Time
Family
Colors, Shapes, and Sizes
Food and Drinks
Clothing
Weather
Travel
House
Jobs
Shopping
Health
Hobbies
Education
Nature
Technology
Feelings
Sports
Animals
War
Politics
Swearing

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Download our complete Estonian language course below to learn Estonian in 30 days and never be at a loss for words!

You will receive not only all the contents available on our website in a convenient pdf or epub formats but also additional contents, including bonus vocabulary, more grammar structures and exclusive cultural insights with additional vocabulary you won't in any other textbook.

The additional vocabulary includes 200 different topics and more than 15.000 of the most important words, including specific categories like sports, religion, business, professions, nationalities, politics, slang, anatomy, medicine, nature, animals, etc., to allow to speak about any immaginable topic with confidence.

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Tere! Hello!
Tere hommikust! Good morning!
Tere päevast! Good afternoon!
Tere õhtust! Good evening!
Head ööd! Good night!
Nägemist! Goodbye!
Näeme hiljem! See you later!
Kuidas läheb? How are you?
Hästi, aitäh! Good, thank you!
Pole viga! Not bad!
Mis su nimi on? What is your name?
Minu nimi on… My name is…
Rõõm tutvuda! Nice to meet you!
Kust sa pärit oled? Where are you from?
Ma olen pärit Eestist. I am from Estonia.

Aitäh! Thank you!
Tänan väga! Thank you very much!
Pole tänu väärt. You’re welcome.
Palun. Please.
Vabandust! Sorry!
Anna andeks! Forgive me!
Pole hullu. No worries.
Kas sa räägid inglise keelt? Do you speak English?
Ma ei saa aru. I don’t understand.
Palun korda. Please repeat.
Kas sa saaksid aeglasemalt rääkida? Could you speak more slowly?
Jah. Yes.
Ei. No.
Võib-olla. Maybe.

Kui palju see maksab? How much does this cost?
See on liiga kallis. This is too expensive.
Kas teil on midagi odavamat? Do you have something cheaper?
Ma sooviksin seda. I would like this.
Kas te saaksite arve tuua? Could you bring the bill?
Kus on tualett? Where is the toilet?
Kus on lähim pangaautomaat? Where is the nearest ATM?
Kas siin lähedal on restoran? Is there a restaurant nearby?
Ma otsin hotelli. I am looking for a hotel.
Kas teil on vabu tube? Do you have any rooms available?

Head isu! Enjoy your meal!
Jook on väga hea. The drink is very good.
Kus on pood? Where is the shop?
Kas te müüte postkaarte? Do you sell postcards?
Palun üks pudel vett. One bottle of water, please.
Ma olen taimetoitlane. I am a vegetarian.
Kas te saate mulle soovitada midagi? Can you recommend something to me?

Mul on külm. I am cold.
Mul on palav. I am hot.
Ma olen väsinud. I am tired.
Mul on janu. I am thirsty.
Mul on nälg. I am hungry.
Ma tunnen end halvasti. I feel unwell.
Ma olen haige. I am sick.
Kas te saate aidata? Can you help me?
Helistage politseisse! Call the police!
Helistage kiirabisse! Call an ambulance!

Palju õnne! Congratulations!
Palju õnne sünnipäevaks! Happy birthday!
Häid pühi! Happy holidays!
Head uut aastat! Happy New Year!
Häid jõule! Merry Christmas!
Häid lihavõttepühi! Happy Easter!

Tule siia! Come here!
Mine ära! Go away!
Oota siin. Wait here.
Ole ettevaatlik! Be careful!
Ära muretse! Don’t worry!
Kiiremini! Faster!
Aeglasemalt! Slower!
Ole vaikselt! Be quiet!
Jää rahulikuks. Stay calm.
Ole kannatlik. Be patient.

Ilm on ilus. The weather is nice.
Ilm on halb. The weather is bad.
On külm. It’s cold.
On soe. It’s warm.
On päikeseline. It’s sunny.
On vihmane. It’s rainy.
On tuuline. It’s windy.
Kas sajab lund? Is it snowing?
Mulle meeldib suvi. I like summer.
Mulle meeldib talv. I like winter.

Mis kell on? What time is it?
Kas sa oled vaba täna? Are you free today?
Ma olen hõivatud. I am busy.
Ma tulen kohe. I will come right away.
Kohtume homme. See you tomorrow.
Kohtume kell kolm. See you at three o’clock.
Kus sa oled? Where are you?
Ma olen teel. I am on the way.
Ootan sind. I am waiting for you.
Head reisi! Have a good trip!

Useful Estonian Expressions

olema to be
omama to have
tegema to do
ütlema to say
minema to go
tulema to come
jääma to stay
lahkuma to leave
naasma to return

sööma to eat
jooma to drink
küpsetama to bake
keetma to cook
maitsma to taste
lõikama to cut
praadima to fry
pesema to wash
tellima to order

armastama to love
meeldima to like
vihkama to hate
kartma to fear
lootma to hope
uskuma to believe
soovima to wish
muretsema to worry
imetlema to admire

töötama to work
õppima to learn
õpetama to teach
lugema to read
kirjutama to write
rääkima to speak
kuulama to listen
vaatama to watch
küsimusi esitama to ask questions

mängima to play
jooksma to run
kõndima to walk
hüppama to jump
istuma to sit
seisma to stand
lamama to lie down
magama to sleep
äratama to wake

naeratama to smile
nutma to cry
naerma to laugh
karjuma to shout
sosistama to whisper
kuulma to hear
vaidlema to argue
kallistama to hug
suudlema to kiss

avama to open
sulgema to close
panema to put
võtma to take
andma to give
saama to receive
leidma to find
kaotama to lose
tooma to bring

ostma to buy
müüma to sell
maksma to pay
laenama to borrow
kinkima to gift
leidma to discover
koguma to collect
kulutama to spend
hoidma to save

pesema to clean
koristama to tidy up
pühkima to sweep
kraamima to clear
triikima to iron
remontima to repair
parandama to fix
maalima to paint
kaunistama to decorate

jõudma to arrive
reisima to travel
sõitma to drive
lendama to fly
ujuma to swim
sukelduma to dive
kalastama to fish
matkama to hike
puhkama to rest

Essential Estonian Verbs

kiiresti quickly
aeglaselt slowly
tasapisi gradually
jõuliselt forcefully
ettevaatlikult carefully
hooletult carelessly
vaikselt quietly
valjult loudly
mugavalt comfortably
ebamugavalt uncomfortably

täna today
eile yesterday
homme tomorrow
praegu now
varsti soon
kohe immediately
hiljem later
varem earlier
harva rarely
sageli often

alati always
mitte kunagi never
mõnikord sometimes
tavaliselt usually
enamasti mostly
üldiselt generally
vahel occasionally
kord nädalas once a week
kaks korda päevas twice a day
iga päev every day

siin here
seal there
kodus at home
koolis at school
tööl at work
väljas outside
toas inside
kaugel far away
lähedal nearby
üleval upstairs

alla down
üleval up
vasakul on the left
paremal on the right
ees in front
taga behind
sees inside
väljas outside
kuskil somewhere
igal pool everywhere

hästi well
halvasti badly
täiuslikult perfectly
osavalt skillfully
ebaprofessionaalselt unprofessionally
lõbusalt joyfully
kurbalt sadly
vihaselt angrily
rahulikult calmly
kindlalt confidently

täiesti completely
poolikult partially
suuresti greatly
väikesel määral slightly
veidi a little
üsna quite
väga very
ülimalt extremely
pisut somewhat
vähem less

kindlasti definitely
ilmselt apparently
arvatavasti probably
võib-olla maybe
kahtlemata undoubtedly
juhuslikult accidentally
meelega on purpose
ka also
ainult only
peamiselt mainly

muidugi of course
näiliselt seemingly
tegelikult actually
tõepoolest indeed
õnneks fortunately
kahjuks unfortunately
õigesti correctly
valesti wrongly
kergesti easily
raskesti difficultly

juba already
veel still
enam no longer
esimest korda for the first time
viimati last time
igavesti forever
ajutiselt temporarily
igapäevaselt daily
pidevalt constantly
hetkeks for a moment

Common Estonian Adverbs

suur big
väike small
lai wide
kitsas narrow
pikk long
lühike short
kõrge tall
madal low
raske heavy
kerge light

uus new
vana old
noor young
vana aged
kaasaegne modern
vanaaja ancient
kiire fast
aeglane slow
tavaline ordinary
haruldane rare

ilus beautiful
kole ugly
kena nice
võluv charming
veetlev attractive
koletu hideous
puhas clean
räpane dirty
korras tidy
sassis messy

tugev strong
nõrk weak
tervislik healthy
haige sick
sportlik athletic
väsinud tired
rahulik calm
närviline nervous
õnnelik happy
kurb sad

lahke kind
tore nice
sõbralik friendly
ebaviisakas rude
austusväärne respectable
ülbe arrogant
arg cowardly
julg brave
tark wise
rumal stupid

soe warm
külm cold
kuum hot
jahe cool
niiske humid
kuiv dry
päikeseline sunny
vihmane rainy
lumine snowy
tormine stormy

magus sweet
soolane salty
hapu sour
mõru bitter
vürtsikas spicy
mahe mild
maitsev delicious
maitsetu tasteless
värske fresh
riknenud spoiled

odav cheap
kallis expensive
taskukohane affordable
haruldane rare
tavaline common
väärtuslik valuable
kasutu useless
praktiline practical
ebapraktiline impractical
kvaliteetne high-quality

tõsine serious
naljakas funny
igav boring
huvitav interesting
põnev exciting
liigutav touching
hirmutav scary
armas cute
romantiline romantic
seikluslik adventurous

tõene true
vale false
võimalik possible
võimatu impossible
vajalik necessary
kasulik useful
tähtis important
ebaoluline irrelevant
õige correct
vale wrong

Common Estonian Adjectives

üks one
kaks two
kolm three
neli four
viis five
kuus six
seitse seven
kaheksa eight
üheksa nine
kümme ten

üksteist eleven
kaksteist twelve
kolmteist thirteen
neliteist fourteen
viisteist fifteen
kuusteist sixteen
seitseteist seventeen
kaheksateist eighteen
üheksateist nineteen
kakskümmend twenty

kolmkümmend thirty
nelikümmend forty
viiskümmend fifty
kuuskümmend sixty
seitsekümmend seventy
kaheksakümmend eighty
üheksakümmend ninety
sada hundred

tuhat thousand
miljon million
miljard billion

esimene first
teine second
kolmas third
neljas fourth
viies fifth
kuues sixth
seitsmes seventh
kaheksas eighth
üheksas ninth
kümnes tenth

üheteistkümnes eleventh
kaheteistkümnes twelfth
kolmeteistkümnes thirteenth
neljateistkümnes fourteenth
viieteistkümnes fifteenth
kuueteistkümnes sixteenth
seitsmeteistkümnes seventeenth
kaheksateistkümnes eighteenth
üheksateistkümnes nineteenth
kahekümnes twentieth

pool half
veerand quarter
kolmandik third
neljandik fourth
protsent percent

arv number
number digit
null zero
paaris even
paaritu odd

lisama to add
lahutama to subtract
korrutama to multiply
jagama to divide
jääk remainder

keskmine average
summa sum
erinevus difference
korrutis product
jagatis quotient

loendama to count
kokku lugema to sum up
arvutama to calculate
tulem result
osakaal ratio

võrduma to equal
vähem kui less than
rohkem kui more than
võrdne equal
järk place value

poolteist one and a half
kolmveerand three quarters
kahekordne double
kolmekordne triple
neljakordne quadruple

hulk amount
kogus quantity
täisarv whole number
murdarv fractional number
arvujada sequence of numbers

tegur factor
eksponent exponent
juur root
ruut square
kuup cube

faktor multiple
mõõde dimension
arvutus computation
määr rate
aeg time

Counting in Estonian

kuupäev date
päev day
öö night
hommik morning
pärastlõuna afternoon
õhtu evening
keskpäev noon
kesköö midnight
praegu now
täna today
eile yesterday
homme tomorrow
üleeile the day before yesterday
ülehomme the day after tomorrow
nädalapäev weekday
puhkepäev day off
nädalavahetus weekend
kalender calendar

esmaspäev Monday
teisipäev Tuesday
kolmapäev Wednesday
neljapäev Thursday
reede Friday
laupäev Saturday
pühapäev Sunday

kuu month
jaanuar January
veebruar February
märts March
aprill April
mai May
juuni June
juuli July
august August
september September
oktoober October
november November
detsember December

hooaeg season
aasta year
aastaajad seasons
kevad spring
suvi summer
sügis autumn
talv winter
aastaaegade vahetus seasonal change

varakevad early spring
hiliskevad late spring
varasuvi early summer
hilissuvi late summer
varasügis early autumn
hilissügis late autumn
varatalv early winter
hilistalv late winter

aastapäev anniversary
sünnipäev birthday
pulma-aastapäev wedding anniversary
tähtpäev special occasion
puhkus holiday
vaba päev day off
puhkepäev rest day

täiskuu full moon
noorkuu new moon
poolkuu half moon

aastaaegade muutus seasonal transition
aastavahetus New Year’s Eve
uusaasta New Year
suvepuhkus summer holiday
jõulud Christmas
jõululaupäev Christmas Eve
jõulupüha Christmas Day
uus aasta new year

tulevik future
minevik past
käesolev present

ajakava schedule
ajaplaan timetable
tähtaeg deadline
aeg time
ajalugu history
ajaloosündmus historical event
pikk päev long day
lühike päev short day
talveaeg wintertime
suveaeg summertime
ööpäev 24 hours
kümnend decade
sajand century

Dates and Months in Estonian